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Last modified on February 22nd, at Home » English Language » Course books » Passages 1 Workbook 3rd edition Passages 1 Workbook 3rd edition PDF Passages 1 WB third edition Passages, Third Version, is a two-level, multi-skills course that can rapidly and successfully transfer grownup and young-adult learners of English from high-intermediate to the superior degree.

A topic sentence is supported by the other sentences in the paragraph. They seem to get most of their work done before lunch. On the other hand, night people have trouble getting up in the morning.

They often drag themselves through the day and reach their peak in the evening. Night people, who often stay up until or a. Early mornings are bad times of day for most people.

Morning people and night people live very different lives. Working at night is hard for morning people. Night people get enough sleep even though they go to bed late. B Read the paragraph and complete the topic sentence.

Then compare your answers with a partner. Usually I play soccer or basketball. Kicking a soccer ball around clears my head. C Choose one of these topics or your own idea. Then write a paragraph with a topic sentence. I the statements that are true for you. I sometimes lie awake at night. I can manage on five hours of sleep, as long as I take a nap during the day. I only wake up early if I have somewhere to be in the morning. I never have any trouble sleeping. B Pair work Compare your answers.

Which statements did you check? I replay everything that happened during the day. A Put these expressions about sleep in the columns. B Pair work Use the expressions to ask and answer questions. Whenever I try to take a nap, I end up sleeping until the next morning, But let me ask you something. What do you do when you feel drowsy after lunch? Even ifintroduces a condition that does not influence the main clause.

Considering that introduces causes and reasons that explain the main clause. As long as introduces a condition on which the main clause depends. Unless introduces something that must happen in order to avoid a consequence. Just in case introduces an undesirable circumstance that needs to be taken into account.

Look at the starting point on page 32 again. Can you find more clauses stating reasons and conditions? I usually wake up on time, as long as I fall asleep pretty quickly at night, considering that I always have a boring book on my night table just in case.. I only leave a light on if.. Listen to Kate and Sergio talk about their recurring dreams.

What do they think the dreams mean? Falling You are falling through space. B Pair work Read these accounts of unusual dreams. What do you think they mean? When I looked down, I was amazed to see hundreds of people on the ground pointing up at me Useful expressions Interpreting meaning I think that means. It sounds like The balloon probably stands for It might symbolize. They usually went to bed a couple of hours after sunset and woke at sunrise.

But then came the electric light bulb. And now we have satellite television, the Internet, hour convenience stores, and longer hours at work. How much can we sleep? How much should we sleep? Like it or not, many of us are sleeping less on average. In , most Americans slept nine hours a night.

That dropped to 7. In , a study by the National Sleep Foundation found that the average American got only 6. The news is even worse for people who work the night shift.

They sleep an average of just five hours. Are we sleeping enough? Not if you believe in the old formula of eight hours of rest, eight hours of work, and eight hours of play. Some people need as many as 11 hours, but others need as few as three. How much do you really need? Some are developing chemicals that are safer and more powerful than caffeine, the chemical found in coffee and tea.

One experimental drug, CX, kept laboratory monkeys working happily, healthily, and accurately for 36 hours. Future breakthroughs may allow people to safely stay awake for several days straight. One group of researchers is studying a gene found in some fruit flies that lets them get by on one-third the usual amount of sleep. Another group is even working on an electric switch that instantly wakes up a sleeping brain. The implications of this research are huge.

On the one hand, this could lead to a world where we work longer and longer hours with less and less sleep. On the other hand, if we needed less sleep, we would have more free time to travel , read, volunteer, and spend time with family. To sleep or not to sleep - that may soon be the question.

B Read the article again and answer the questions below. What scientific research is mentioned in the article? How much sleep does Norman Stanley think a person needs? What ideas about the future are mentioned in the article? What do you think would happen in the future if scientists found ways to let people stay awake longer? Would people be happier?

Read about six different types of people you sometimes meet on social occasions. Match the descriptions with the pictures. Irs a good idea to try out different topics to get a conversation going, and the conversation starter does just that. Talking about topics that interest you is fun. Unfortunately, the bore is interesting to no one else.

Pair work Do you know any people like the six types above? What is it like to have a conversation with them? These sentences can also be restated with gerund phrases. Ignoring your conversation partner is rude. Trying out different topics is a good idea. The word considered may also follow be in this kind of sentence. Interrupting people is considered impolite.

A Look at the starting point on page 36 again. Can you find more sentences that begin with gerunds? Rewrite the sentences using infinitive or gerund phrases. Using certain gestures is impolite in some foreign countries. Hugging friends when you greet them is customary in many cultures. B Group work How do you feel about these things?

Discuss these situations using the words and phrases above. You kiss people you meet on the cheek. You and your classmates interrupt the teacher. You stand very close to people when you talk to them. You and your parents talk honestly and openly. Your best friend calls you after You start a conversation with a stranger on a bus or subway.

A Small talk is light conversation with friends, acquaintances, or strangers. B Group work Imagine you are at a party. Start a conversation, keep it going for one minute, and bring it to a close. Then find a new partner and repeat. Hey, did you see that soccer game last night? Can you believe this weather? Do you know many people here? Conversation closers See you later. Talk to you soon. It was great to meet you. I should get gOing. How did each person react to her news? Now, i-P B What words or phrases helped you decide?

Underline them. C Imagine you have just received some important news. Write a journal entry expressing one of these reactions to the news. I think he was talking to the office manager on his cell phone. He was telling her that it would be a bad day at work.

He explained that they were going to layoff my entire department! It really hurt my feelings. He was warning his friend not to say anything. So of course I listened. He said he was getting a terrible grade in math this year!

And he said it was a big secret too. Would you rank each person in the same way? Who do you teU first? This is what they said. B Pair work Why would you tell something to one person and not to another? Discuss your reasons. Reported statements He said that it was a big secret.

He said that he was getting a terrible grade. He said that they had gotten engaged. He said that she had been absent since Tuesday. She said that they had never been there before. He said that he would meet me at the cafe. Reported questions I asked him if he had known about the layoffs. I asked them what they were saying. Reported general truths She said that the sun rises in the east. No change in tense. Grammar Plus; See page A Look at the starting point on page 40 again.

Can you find more examples of reported speech? B Rewrite the sentences using reported speech. C Pair wo rk Imagine that you have overheard this conversation. Take turns reporting each line of the conversation. Rya n: I heard some interesting news today. Do you know AmandaJenkins? Lara: How can she afford that? Ryan: She got a scholarship that will take care of all her expenses.

When is she leaving? Tell me what he said. A Put these expressions for reported speech in the columns. He claimed that.. He asked me to He warned me not to. After a week, I told him. Circle the best answer to the questions. In ten months. In less than a month. In the summer. Things are picking up. These headings are missing from the text. Put them in the rea mg correct place. He seems to think everyone has a hearing impairment.

This pompous fellow makes all his business calls in public places while standing in the middle of a crowded room. This exasperating person makes trivial phone calls, one after another, after another. Making and taking calls anytime, anywhere is the trademark of this infuriating person.

This can be dangerous. Irs really scary to see a delivery truck in the rear view mirror with a distracted driver on a phone behind the wheel. One phone rings and ten people check to see if irs theirs.

Hang on, I think thaYs my phone! Group work Does the article describe any cell phone users you know or have seen? What bad cell phone manners have you seen recently? The dog and his trainer surfed together on the same surfboard between. Her trainer said, I started teaching her to paint last year, and she caught on qUickly.

Adding the paint was the next step. Maggie earned a fish for every successful brush stroke. The trainer has saved all the paintings. The door unlocked. Which one do you think it is? For the answer, see page Use the present perfect to report a recent event without giving a specific time reference. Use the simple past to report an event with a specific time reference. I started teaching her to paint last year. Grammar Plus: See page. A Look at the first story on page 44 again.

Can you find more examples of the present perfect and the simple past? Why is each tense used? B Complete the news story with the present perfect or past tense form of the verbs in parentheses.

Last night at about A. Police 3 rush to the building immediately, but they 4 be too late. Right after learning of the robbery, the mayor 5 set up a telephone. Three people 6 call so far, but the police are still looking for further information. They believe it is probable that the thieves 7 left the city. Use the present perfect continuous to describe temporary situations and actions that are not yet completed. The present perfect describes permanent situations and recently completed actions.

Can you find another example of the present perfect continuous? Why is this tense used? B Complete the sentences with the present perfect or present perfect continuous form of the verbs in parentheses.

Use the words above. What was it? Listen to an early morning news broadcast. What is each story about?

Are the statements true or false? Then correct the false statements to make them true. Hurricane Pauline has trapped some people in their homes. The tourist business in Cancun will be unaffected.

The mother left the house to give her children freedom. The mother agreed to come down from the tree. Ask follow-up questions and add spea mg extra information. How closely do you follow the news? What kind of stories interest you? What do you think was the most important news story in the last few years? When the stunned shark finally let go, Anderson swam to shore, dragging his badly wounded leg behind him. He was pulling himself up on the rocks when another surfer came to his aid and called an ambulance.

In a post-Thanksgiving interview, Anderson said that even though he has had some bad dreams Since the attack, he was looking forward to surfing again soon. Doctors released Anderson on Thanksgiving Day, and he was eating turkey at home with his family that afternoon. Brian Anderson was surfing at a popular spot south of Seaside, Oregon, on the day: before Thanksgiving when he noticed something was grabbing hi s leg.

B Write a brief news story about a recent event. Use the simple past, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses to show the order of events. Pair work What do you think happened? Choose two stories. I went to the wrong class. What a relief! Afterwards, we all laughed about it. I had left for work a little earlier than usual. When I got to work, my boss asked to speak to me. I knew he would never believe why I was late.

I volunteered to take care of my nephew. When they finally got home, the apartment, my nephew, and I were a mess! Until my friends from Japan invited me to a sushi restaurant, I had never had sushi in my life.

They were really nice about it, though. Use these adverbs with the simple past to describe something that happens at a later time. Afterwards, I Later, I The next day, we laughed about it.

Use these adverbs with the simple past to describe two things that happen at the same time. Use these adverbs with the past perfect to describe something that was true or that happened before another event in the past. Look at the starting point on page 48 again. Can you fin d the adverbs from the grammar box? Which verb tenses are used after them? B Write two sentences for these situations using the adverbs from the gTammar box.

My apartment was robbed last week. I failed my driving test last week. I really enjoyed my trip to Singapore last month. I was nervous about going to the dentist. Why was Tom fired from his job as a taxi driver? T hese phrases are used to tell a story.

I do the same thing, especially when I'm feeling stressed. Whenever I try to take a nap, I end up sleeping until the next morning. But let me ask you something. What do you do when you feel drowsy after lunch? I sometimes lie awake at night, even if I'm really tired.

Considering that introduces causes and reasons that explain the main clause. As long as introduces a condition on which the main clause depends. Unless introduces something that must happen in order to avoid a consequence. Just in case introduces an undesirable circumstance that needs to be taken into account. I wake up early only if I have somewhere to be in the morning.

Can you find more clauses stating reasons and conditions? B Match the clauses to make sentences. C Complete t he sentences with information about yourself. Unless I have enough sleep at night,. I can't think very clearly in the morning. I usually wake up on time, as long as.. I fall asleep pretty quickly at night, considering that. I always have a boring book on my night table just in case Even if I'm extremely stressed out, I never I only leave a light on if.

Whose dream do you th ink is scarier? What is each person's dream? What do they think the dreams mean? Complete the c hart. Kate Sergio C Pair work What do you think their dreams mean? Do you ever have similar dreams? J The meaning of dreams A Read the information. Match the dreams with their possible meanings. B Pair w ork Read these accounts of unusual dreams. What do you think they mean? When Interpreting meaning I looked down, I was amazed to see hundreds of I think that means.

The balloon probably stands for.. I asked a man for help, and he held up a It might symbolize. Take turns adding sentences. A Group work How many hours do you think people should sleep? In the days before electricity, people didn't worry much about sleep. They usually went to bed a couple of hours after sunset and woke at sunrise. Even if they stayed up, there wasn't much to do in those days after the sun went down.

But then came the electric lightbulb. And now we have the Internet, smartphones, stores that are open , and longer hours at work. How much can we sleep? Like it or not, many of us are sleeping less on average. In , most Americans slept nine hours a night. That dropped to seven hours by In , a study by the National Sleep Foundation found that the average American got only 6.

The news is even worse for people who work the night shift They sleep an average of just five hours. Are we sleeping enough? Not if you believe in the old formula of eight hours of rest, eight hours of work, and eight hours of play. On the other hand, Neil Stanley, a British scientist who studies sleep, believes people's sleep needs vary. Some people need as many as 11 hours, but others need as few as three. How much do you really need? Feel rested? That's your sleep need. A group of scientists is studying a gene found in some fruit flies that lets them get by on one-third the usual amount of sleep.

Other researchers are developing chemicals that are more powerful than caffeine, the chemical found in coffee and tea. One experimental drug, ,.. CX, kept laboratory monkeys working happily and accurately for 36 hours. Future breakthroughs may allow people to stay wide awake for several days straight. The implications of this research are huge. On the one hand, this could lead to a world where we work longer and longer hours with less and less sleep. On the other hand, if we needed less sleep, we would have more free time for travel, sports, personal goals, and family.

To sleep or not to sleep - that may soon be the question. What scientific research is mentioned in the article? What surprised you the most? What surprised you the least? How much sleep does Neil Stanley think a person needs? What effects did the experimental drug mentioned in the article have on laboratory animals? Do you think you get enough sleep? What things keep you from getting more?

What do you think would happen if scientists found ways to let people stay awake longer? Would people be happier? Explain your answers. Match the descriptions with the pictures.

Are you enjoying the party? B Pair work Do you know any people like the six types above? What is it like to have a conversation with them? She's really nice, but I guess she just gets excited about the conversation and wants to jump in. It can be very annoying.

These sentences can also be restated with gerund phrases. It's rude to ignore your conversation partner. Ignoring your conversation partner is rude. It's a good idea to try out different topics.

Trying out different topics is a good idea. The word considered may also follow be in this kind of sentence. It's considered impolite to interrupt people. Interrupting people is considered Impolite. It's customary for the complimenter to say Saying nice things about others is customary nice things about others.

Can you find more sentences that begin with gerunds? Try to change them into sentences beginning with it's. B Rewrite the sentences using infinitive or gerund phrases. It's inappropriate to talk about politics at work or school. Talking about politics at work or school is inappropriate. Using certain gestures is impolite in some foreign countries. Asking someone's age is often considered rude. It's not unusual in the U. Hugging friends when you greet them is customary in many cultures.

Asking strangers if they're married is inappropriate in some countries. J What' s appropriate? Write the correct symbol next to each word. Discuss these situations using the words and phrases in part A. You kiss people on the cheek when you meet them. You and your classmates interrupt the teacher. You stand very close to people when you talk to them. You and your parents talk honestly and openly.

Your best friend calls you after 11 P. You start a conversation with a stranger on a bus or subway. Select the topics that are appropriate for small talk in your culture. B Group work Imagine you are at a party.

Start a conversation with one person, keep it going for one minute, and bring it to a close. Then find a new partner and repeat. How's it going? Hey, did you see that soccer game last night? Hey, I should get going, but I'll call you later. See you later. Can you believe this weather? Sorry, I've got to run. Talk to you soon. It was great to meet you. Do you know many people here? I should get going.

I'll call you later. Who is speaking in each one? What closing phrase is used to end each conversation? An outline is usually written in reduced sentences or in notes and provides a general plan to follow when you write.

A Read the paragraph about a cultural rule in Japan. Then complete the outline below with information from the paragraph. What additional information is incl uded in the paragraph but not in the outline? Speaking on a cell phone in some public places in Japan is considered impolite.

When receiving or making a cell phone call, most Japanese step away from the people around them. If that's impossible, it's customary to speak softly and use your hand to cover your mouth. Announcements on Japanese trains constantly remind passengers to switr.

This is because people dislike being bothered by noise. Not everyone follows the rules, but most people do. The other day, people were glaring at me for taking a call in a cafe, and one person even scolded me.

I was pretty shocked, but then I thought about it. Listening to others talking on the phone is irritating. There is a good reason why Japanese people use polite behavior when speaking on cell phones. Then exchange outlines and answer the questions. Is the outline in a logical order? Does the outline provide enough information? Is there anything else you would include? C Pair work Use your outline to write a paragraph about the cultural rule. Then exchange paragraphs and answer the questions.

Does the paragraph follow the outline? Is the cultural rule c lear? What suggestions do you have to make it clearer? What do you think they should do about each situation? B Group work Have you ever heard someone talking about you? What did you do? A Read the information in the chart.

Would you rank each person in the same way? Source: Interviews with people between the ages of 22 and 35 B Pair w ork Why would you tell something to one person and not to another?

Discuss your reasons. Questions Reported questions "Did you know about the layoffs? Commands Reported commands "Don't say anything! General truths Reported general truths "The sun rises in the east. No change in tense. Can you find more examples of reported speech? B Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.

Take turns reporting each line of the conversation. Ryan: I heard some interesting news. Do you know Amanda Jenkins? Lara: I know w hat she looks like, but I've never met her. Ryan: Well, she's going to study for a year in Australia. Lara: How can she afford that? Ryan: She got a scholarship that w ill take care of all her expenses. Lara: I thin k that's great. When is she leaving? Ryan: I don't know. A Put these expressions for reported speech in the correct colum ns.

He claimed that. He promised to He told me that.. He advised me to. He asked me to. He wanted to know. He told me to.. He encouraged me to. He warned me not to. He explained that.

He asked me. He wondered I 1 ,, I He claimed that B Pair work Tell a partner about a conversation you recently had. What was said? Use one of these topics or your own idea. Choose the correct pictures. Nicole a. Choose the best answers. Nicole's sister met her boyfriend How are things at the design studio? There isn't enough work. Things are picking up. Everything's about the same.

Nicole's sister is probably Tony has been working at the studio These headings are missing from the text. Put them in the correct place. He seems to think everyone has a hearing impairment. Doesn't he know the phone already amplifies his voice? This pompous fellow makes all his business calls in public places while standing in the middle of a crowded room. He conducts big business deals right there in front of us, but we're not impressed.

This exasperating person makes trivial phone calls, one after another, after another. On airplanes, you'll overhear her saying ridiculous things like, "Hi, we haven't left yet," or "Hi, we just landed. OK, see you in a minute. Making and taking calls anytime, anywhere is the trademark of this infuriating person. She'll chat in restaurants, at movie theaters, and even at funerals. When her cell phone rings, she looks at you and says insincerely, "Oh, sorry about that.

This can be dangerous. It's really scary to see a delivery truck in the rearview mirror with a distracted driver on a phone behind the wheel. These are the people who haven't bothered to personalize their ring tone. One phone rings and 10 people check to see if it's theirs.

Hang on, I think that's my phone! B Group work Does the article describe any cell phone users you know or have seen? What bad cell phone manners have you seen recently? Match each headline with the correct article. The dog and his owner D supper.

She has created dozens of paintings. Her trainer said, "I started teaching her to paint last year, and she caught on quickly. Police said, "They've called us her mouth and to touch it to the canvas.

Adding to remove the pair because they've been getting the paint was the next step. Maggie earned a fish more attention than the actual contest.

The trainer has dog's owner said, "I've always surfed with my saved all the paintings. She'll probably sell them dog. He's always loved it. Sometimes I think he's to raise money to help animals. After a day at the mall, the woman went out to her car, but D couldn't find her keys. When she saw them still in the ignition, she called home and said, "I've locked my keys in the car. I've never done that before. I don't know what to do. The door unlocked.

She said, "I've totally stopped worrying about m y keys now. Which one do you think it is? For the answer, see page I just don't believe that a dog could surf. Story number two is also pretty amazing, but I have a feeling it's true. I've locked my keys in the car. Use the simple past to report an event with a specific time reference. After a day at the mall, the woman went out to her car.

I started teaching her to paint last year. Can you find more examples of the present perfect and the simple past? Why is each tense used? B Complete the news story with the present perfect or simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.

A group of thieves 1 has stolen steal 5 set up a telephone hotline the Dragon's Eye ruby from the Grand for information about the theft. Th ree people Gallery. Last night at about A. The curator of the Grand Gallery 4 be too late. The present perfect describes permanent situations and recently completed actions. A dog has been stealing all the attention.

Can you find another example of the present perfect continuous?